Tapping tools are specialized cutting instruments used to create internal threads in holes, a process known as tapping. These tools, called taps, come in various designs tailored to different materials and thread requirements. Common types include hand taps, which are typically used with a tap wrench, and machine taps, designed for use with powered equipment like drill presses and CNC machines. Taps are made from high-speed steel (HSS) or carbide to ensure durability and precision. They feature cutting edges that progressively form threads as the tool is rotated into the pre-drilled hole. Some taps are designed with spiral flutes to facilitate chip removal, while others, like straight flute taps, are used for through-hole threading. The proper selection and maintenance of taps, including appropriate lubrication and correct tapping speeds, are crucial to avoid tool breakage and achieve high-quality threads. Advances in coating technologies, such as titanium nitride (TiN) or black oxide, enhance the performance and lifespan of tapping tools, making them indispensable in industries ranging from automotive and aerospace to electronics and manufacturing.